Under the direction of John Taylor, Silas S. Smith led about 230 Mormons on an expedition to start a farming community in southeastern Utah. After forging about 200miles of their own trail over difficult terrain, the settlers arrived on the site of Bluff in April 1880. The trail followed went over and down the "Hole In the Rock", which now opens into one of the tributaries of Lake Powell. The town’s population had declined to seventy by 1930, but rebounded during a uranium prospecting boom in the 1950s. With the uranium decline in the 1970s, Bluff again declined and now remains a small town with about 300 residents.
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